Debian12使用pip3 install报错提示try apt install python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are

介绍

Debian12系统在使用pip install时会报错，提示：

error: externally-managed-environment
 
× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.11/README.venv for more information.
 
note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

包括我们在安装Jrohy大佬的multi-v2ray时也无法使用……

解决方法

sudo mv /usr/lib/python3.11/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED /usr/lib/python3.11/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED.old

问题原因

EXTERNALLY-MANAGED 文件是 Python 的一种机制，用于标识该环境由系统包管理器控制，通常限制用户使用 pip 安装全局的 Python 包。当你想直接通过 pip 在全局环境安装 Python 包时，这个文件可能会导致权限问题或警告信息。重命名该文件后，Python 工具（例如 pip）会认为这是一个用户控制的环境，从而允许全局安装和管理包。